04-路由组

1、什么是路由组?

从字面意思理解，路由组指的就是一组路由。那么什么样的路由可以归类到一组呢？在实际使用中，比较常见的场景的是根据版本分组。比如下图

2、使用语法

在 Gin 框架中提供了一个函数 Group 可以将路由进行分组管理。使用语法如下:

a.不嵌套分组:

v1 := engine.Group("v1")
{ 
	v1.GET("/path/xxx", func(context *gin.Context) {
		...
	})
	v1.POST("/user/xxx", func(context *gin.Context) {
		...
	})
}

b.嵌套分组:

api := engine.Group("api")
{
	user := api.Group("user")
	{
		user.GET("path", func(context *gin.Context) {
			...
		})
    user.POST("path", func(context *gin.Context) {
			...
		})
	}
}

3、多版本实战(不嵌套路由)

3.1、代码示例

//-- main.go -------
package main
import (
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin" // 引入Gin框架
	"go-use/practise" // 代码示例包
)
func main() {
	// 创建一个默认的路由引擎
	engine := gin.Default()
	// 注册路由
	practise.TestRouteGroup(engine)
	_ = engine.Run()
}
//--- go-use/practise/routing_use.go -------
// --- 路由组使用
func TestRouteGroup(engine *gin.Engine) {
	// 路由组A(v1版本)
	v1 := engine.Group("v1")
	{
		v1.GET("/user/login", func(context *gin.Context) {
			context.JSON(200, gin.H{"msg": "v1-登录成功"})
		})
		v1.GET("/user/register", func(context *gin.Context) {
			context.JSON(200, gin.H{"msg": "v1-注册成功"})
		})
		v1.GET("/user/del", func(context *gin.Context) {
			context.JSON(200, gin.H{"msg": "v1-注销成功"})
		})
	}
	// 路由组B(v2版本)
	v2 := engine.Group("v2")
	{
		v2.GET("/user/login", func(context *gin.Context) {
			context.JSON(200, gin.H{"msg": "v2-登录成功"})
		})
		v2.GET("/user/out", func(context *gin.Context) {
			context.JSON(200, gin.H{"msg": "v2-用户退出"})
		})
	}
}

3.2、服务启动

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Running in "debug" mode. Switch to "release" mode in production.
 - using env:   export GIN_MODE=release
 - using code:  gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
# 注册的路由如下
[GIN-debug] GET    /v1/user/login            --> go-use/practise.TestRouteGroup.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /v1/user/register         --> go-use/practise.TestRouteGroup.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /v1/user/del              --> go-use/practise.TestRouteGroup.func3 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /v2/user/login            --> go-use/practise.TestRouteGroup.func4 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /v2/user/out              --> go-use/practise.TestRouteGroup.func5 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] Environment variable PORT is undefined. Using port :8080 by default
[GIN-debug] Listening and serving HTTP on :8080

3.3、请求返回

[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/user/login
{"msg":"v1-登录成功"}
[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/user/register
{"msg":"v1-注册成功"}
[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/user/del
{"msg":"v1-注销成功"}
[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/v2/user/login
{"msg":"v2-登录成功"}
[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/v2/user/out
{"msg":"v2-用户退出"}
[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/v2/user/del
404 page not found

通过上面示例发现:Gin框架虽然可以通过版本进行路由分组，但是不支持API版本继承,比如访问: http://127.0.0.1:8080/v2/user/del,期望返回{"msg":"v1-注销成功"}

4、模块分离(嵌套路由)

4.1、代码示例

//-- main.go -------
package main
import (
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"go-use/practise"
)
func main() {
	// 创建一个默认的路由引擎
	engine := gin.Default()
	// 注册路由
	practise.TestRouteGroupNested(engine)
	_ = engine.Run()
}
//--- go-use/practise/routing_use.go -------
// 路由嵌套分组
func TestRouteGroupNested(engine *gin.Engine) {
	// 接口
	api := engine.Group("api")
	{
		user := api.Group("user")
		{
			user.GET("login", func(context *gin.Context) {
				context.JSON(200, gin.H{"msg": "api-登录成功"})
			})
		}
	}
	// 后台
	admin := engine.Group("admin")
	{
		user := admin.Group("user")
		{
			user.GET("login", func(context *gin.Context) {
				context.JSON(200, gin.H{"msg": "admin-登录成功"})
			})
		}
	}
}

4.2、服务启动

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Running in "debug" mode. Switch to "release" mode in production.
 - using env:   export GIN_MODE=release
 - using code:  gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
# 注册的路由如下
[GIN-debug] GET    /api/user/login           --> go-use/practise.TestRouteGroupNested.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET    /admin/user/login         --> go-use/practise.TestRouteGroupNested.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] Environment variable PORT is undefined. Using port :8080 by default
[GIN-debug] Listening and serving HTTP on :8080

4.3、请求返回

[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/user/login
{"msg":"api-登录成功"}
[lepeng@centos ~]# curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/user/login
{"msg":"admin-登录成功"}